The printing press greatly standardised English spelling, which has remained largely unchanged since then, despite a wide variety of later sound shifts in different English dialects. This era notably culminated in the King James Bible and the works of William Shakespeare. Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the start of the Great Vowel Shift and the Renaissance trend of borrowing further Latin and Greek words and roots into English, concurrent with the introduction of the printing press to London. Middle English began in the late 11th century after the Norman Conquest of England, when considerable Old French (especially Old Norman French) and Latin-derived vocabulary was incorporated into English over some three hundred years. At the time, Old Norse even retained considerable mutual intelligibility with certain dialects of Old English (especially more northern dialects). However Old English dialects were later influenced by Old Norse-speaking Viking settlers and invaders starting in the 8th and 9th centuries. The earliest forms of English, collectively known as Old English or "Anglo-Saxon", evolved from a group of North Sea Germanic dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th century these dialects generally resisted influence from the then-local Common Brittonic and British Latin languages. Speakers of English are called Anglophones. Although its grammar and core vocabulary are mostly West Germanic, it has borrowed many words from French (about 28% of English words) and Latin (also about 28%), as well as some grammar and core vocabulary from Old Norse (a North Germanic language). Existing on a dialect continuum with Scots and then most closely related to the Low Saxon and Frisian languages, Modern English is genealogically Germanic. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the island of Great Britain. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.Įnglish is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Countries and territories where English is an official or administrative language but not a majority native language
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